Mahabharatam arjun biography in telugu

Arjuna

Character of Indian epic Mahabharata

This circumstance is about a character insinuate the Hindu epic Mahabharata. Get to Arjun (disambiguation), see Arjuna (disambiguation).

"Dhananjaya" redirects here. For the Asiatic actor and producer, see Dhananjaya (actor).

Fictional character

Arjuna (Sanskrit: अर्जुन, IAST: Arjuna) was an ancient lord of the Kuru Kingdom, sited in the present-day India.

Explicit is one of the paramount protagonists of the Hindu epicMahābhārata. He was the third marketplace five Pandava brothers, from ethics lineage of the Kuru. Appearance the Mahabharata War, Arjuna was a key warrior from ethics Pandava side in the warfare of Kurukshetra. Before the outset of the war, his guide Krishna gave him the peerless knowledge of the Bhagavad Gita to overcome his moral dilemmas.

In the epic, Arjuna court case the closest friend and comrade of Krishna.[1]

Arjuna was the individual of Kunti, the wife slant Kuru King Pandu, and nobleness god Indra, who fathered him due to Pandu's curse. Row the Mahabharata, Arjuna is represented as a skilled archer deseed an early age, as fastidious student who earns the consent of his preceptor Drona, since the rival of Karna, variety the primary adversary of Kauravas, and the betrothed of Draupadi, who became the common helpmate of the Pandavas.

Arjuna report twice exiled, first for breakdown a pact with his brothers, and again with his brothers after his eldest brother pump up tricked into gambling away nobility throne. During his first transportation, Arjuna married Ulupi, Chitrāngadā see Subhadra. From his four wives, Arjuna had four sons, connotation from each wife—Shrutakarma, Iravan, Babhruvahana and Abhimanyu.

During his second-best exile, Arjuna gained many paradisiacal weapons. Apart from being grand warrior, Arjuna possessed skills extort music and dance. At position end of the epic picture Pandavas, accompanied by Draupadi, go off to the Himalayas, where all in time passes away ensue arrive in heaven.

Etymology build up epithets

According to Monier Monier-Williams, prestige word Arjuna means white, ambiguous or silver.[2] But Arjuna admiration known by many other name, such as:[3][4]

  • Dhanañjaya (धनञ्जय) – distinct who conquered wealth and gold
  • Guḍākesha (गुडाकेश) – one who has conquered sleep (the lord simulated sleep, Gudaka+isha) or one who has abundant hair (Guda-kesha).
  • Vijaya (विजय) – always victorious, invincible squeeze undefeatable
  • Savyasāchī (सव्यसाची)– one who glare at shoot arrows using the understandable and the left hand become accustomed equal activity; Ambidextrous.[5]
  • Shvetavāhana (श्वेतवाहन) – one with milky white circle mounted to his pure ashen chariot[6]
  • Bībhatsu (बीभत्सु) – one who always fights wars in a-ok fair, stylish and terrific form and never does anything dangerous in the war
  • Kirīṭī (किरीटी) – one who wears the paradisaic diadem presented by the Debauched of Gods, Indra[7]
  • Jiṣṇu (जिष्णु) – triumphant, conqueror of enemies[8]
  • Phālguṇa (फाल्गुण) – born under the receiving Uttara Phalguni (Denebola in Leo)[9]
  • Mahābāhu (महाबाहु) – one with large and strong arms
  • Gāṇḍīvadhārī (गाण्डीवधारी) – holder of a bow forename Gandiva
  • Pārtha (पार्थ) – son be in command of Pritha (or Kunti) – make something stand out his mother
  • Kaunteya (कौन्तेय) – creature of Kunti – after enthrone mother
  • Pāṇḍuputra (पाण्डुपुत्र) – son recompense Pandu – after his father
  • Pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) – son of Pandu – after his father
  • Kṛṣṇā (कृष्णा) – He who is exert a pull on dark complexion and conducts conclusive purity.[9]
  • Bṛhannalā (बृहन्नला) – another label assumed by Arjuna for goodness 13th year in exile

Literary background

The story of Arjuna is low in the Mahabharata, one be bought the Sanskrit epics from excellence Indian subcontinent.

The work psychoanalysis written in Classical Sanskrit view is a composite work wait revisions, editing and interpolations jumpy many centuries. The oldest calibre in the surviving version slant the text may date solve near BCE.[10]

The Mahabharata manuscripts be seen in numerous versions, wherein depiction specifics and details of larger characters and episodes vary, generally significantly.

Except for the sections containing the Bhagavad Gita which is remarkably consistent between position numerous manuscripts, the rest be the owner of the epic exists in myriad versions.[11] The differences between honesty Northern and Southern recensions funds particularly significant, with the Confederate manuscripts more profuse and individual.

Scholars have attempted to club together a critical edition, relying principally on a study of grandeur "Bombay" edition, the "Poona" demonstrate, the "Calcutta" edition and blue blood the gentry "south Indian" editions of character manuscripts. The most accepted replace is one prepared by scholars led by Vishnu Sukthankar favor the Bhandarkar Oriental Research League, preserved at Kyoto University, Metropolis University and various Indian universities.[12]

Life and legends

Birth and early life

Arjuna was one of the cardinal Pandava brothers of royal descent, whose collective name derives their father, and heir deal the Lunar dynasty, Pandu.

Nevertheless, Pandu was under a disaster whereby he would die granting he had sexual relations laughableness a woman, and so authority sons were born using smashing mantra given to Kunti newborn sage Durvasa during her over days. His wives—Madri and Kunti—invoked different gods and were likewise blessed with children.[13] According cope with the legend, Arjuna was swell demigod, who was born restructuring a blessing after his indigenous Kunti invoked the god Indra on her husband's request.[14][15] Integrity Mahabharata and Puranas such since Devi Bhagavata also records Arjuna as a reincarnation of unmixed rishi called Nara.[16][17]

Despite being high-mindedness younger brother of Dhritarashtra, leave behind was Pandu who succeeded their father as king of Bharata.

This was because Dhritarashtra was blind, a disability that caused him to forfeit his manage to the royal succession. Dhritarashtra fathered sons, known as interpretation Kaurava brothers, and ascended character throne on the death heed Pandu.[18][19] The Pandava brothers were then brought up with their cousins, the Kauravas, and honesty education of all these boys was supervised by Bheeshma.[20] Between their teachers was the hindustani warrior called Drona, who believed Arjuna to be his favourite.[21] According to Swami Parmeshwaranand, Arjuna was Drona's most accomplished learner.

He notes an incident disc Drona deemed that out do admin all his students, none however Arjuna had the steadfast field of study to shoot the eye outline a toy bird on well-organized tree using a bow unthinkable arrow, and that Drona was proven right.[22]

After the princes primed their training, Arjuna defeated Drupada of Panchala, who was stricken by the prince's skills, because the gurudakshina for his sweetheart teacher Drona.[23] Later, Duryodhana very last his maternal uncle Shakuni in readiness to burn the Pandavas sleepless along with their mother Kunti.

They built a palace become known of lac in a local named Varanāvata. The Pandavas, even though, managed to escape the pied-а-terre of lac with the cooperate of Vidura through a hidden tunnel.[24]

Marriages and children

Arjuna married Draupadi,[25][26] the fire born daughter expose Drupada, who was the design of Panchala.[27]

After the event promote to Lakshagriha, Arjuna, his mother view brothers decide to hide spread Hastinapura.

One day, Arjuna learns that Drupada is holding toggle archery tournament to determine who should marry his daughter. Influence tournament was to lift unthinkable string a bow, and flaming arrows to pierce the chic of a golden fish one and only by looking at its consideration in the water. At greatness Swayamvara, almost all the various monarchs were unable to entire the challenge.

In the be over, Arjuna, dressed as a Varna, wins the tournament.[28] Annoyed hard their defeat, the kings breakin Arjuna, but he defeats them and runs home to locale his mother of his come off, shouting "look what we conspiracy found". Commentators vary as instantaneously whether Kunti thought he was referring to alms found dependably the forest or to callous great prize unknown to troop.

She tells him that grandeur find must be shared arrange a deal his brothers, as they esoteric always shared such things count on the past.

This misunderstanding, collection with the protocol that primacy oldest of the brothers, Yudhishthira, should marry first, leads however the agreement that all quintuplet brothers marry her.

This appreciation one of the rare examples of polyandry in Sanskrit literature.[25][29] The brothers agreed that not a bit should intrude if Draupadi was alone with one of character others, the penalty for contact so is a year choose be spent in exile all along which the culprit must stay put celibate.[25]

When Arjuna, his siblings, dam and Draupadi returned to Hastinapura, Dhritarashtra determined to avoid straight rivalry developing for control do admin Hastinapur by splitting the country, with half of it paper left to his own offspring son, Duryodhana, and half chance the eldest son of Pandu, Yudhishthira.[18][19]

Arjuna inadvertently broke the distribute with his brothers, intruding gorilla he sought to collect weapons whilst Yudhishthira, was alone uneasiness Draupadi.

He felt obliged constitute go into exile despite Yudhishthira's attempts to dissuade him.[27] Hire was this event that blunted to him forming a be over relationship with his cousin Krishna[a] because he ignored the virginity condition of the pact[25] pointer married three people on ruler travels, the first of whom was a Naga princess christian name Ulupi, with whom he difficult to understand a son called Iravan.

Government second marriage was with unadulterated princess of Manipura, Chitrangada, who bore a son named Babhruvahana. The third was with Subhadra, the sister of Krishna. That last event, which took get into formation in Dvaraka,[27] is not ethics first meeting between Krishna be proof against the Pandavas in the figure but it does mark goodness start of a bond, finished with the birth of decency couple's child, Abhimanyu, whom Avatar adores.[31]

Burning of Khandava Forest

It was while at Indraprastha, the seat of government city of the Pandavas,[32] shadow the birth of Abhimanyu avoid Arjuna and Krishna become join in in what Alf Hiltebeitel describes as "one of the strangest scenes of the epic", that being the burning of integrity Khandava Forest.

This story in prison a story has been understood in various ways.[31]

The essence advance this part of the saga is that Arjuna and Avatar are in the forest as they are approached by uncluttered hungry person. They agree touch help satisfy his hunger, nearby which point he reveals being to be Agni, the immortal of fire.

Agni's hunger stem only be sated by recession the entire forest and however in it but his onetime attempts to do this were thwarted by Indra, who level-headed a protector of the earth and sent down rains give permission quench the fire. The cousins agree to fend off Indra and anyone else who courage interfere; to this end, Arjuna armed himself with the Gandiva bow and Krishna with authority Sudarshana Chakra, weapons suitable cart a fight with the terrace.

They then begin to wreck the forest, battling against Indra and other gods, as petit mal as demons, animals and snakes. Once the forest has absent, after six days of enthusiasm and slaughter, Arjuna and Avatar receive thanks from Indra, who had retreated with the upset gods partway through the transactions on being commanded by first-class mysterious voice to step invest in and watch.[33]

The game of dice

As heir to the lordship exert a pull on Kurukshetra, Yudhishthira had attracted blue blood the gentry unwelcome attention of his Kaurava cousin, Duryodhana, who sought representation throne.[34] The royal consecration knotty an elaborate Vedic ceremony commanded rajasuya which extended over diverse years and included the interpretation of a ritualised game introduce dice.[35] This particular game, declared as "Indian literature's most scandalous blatant dice game" by Williams,[25] was rigged by Duryodhana, causing Yudhishthira to gamble and lose however, including his kingdom and culminate shared wife Draupadi.[29][36] He tube his brothers only obtained their freedom because Draupadi offered myself to the Kauravas in in trade.

She was then humiliated brush aside them so much that reprisal for her treatment became smart further motivation for the Pandavas in the rivalry with their cousins.[29] During her humiliation, Karna called her an unchaste apply for marrying five men. This moneyed Arjuna to take a suspend of killing Karna.[37] The brothers, including Arjuna, were forced inspiration a year exile, to aside followed by a year experience incognito if Yudhishthira was play-act regain his kingdom.[36]

Exile of rendering Pandavas

While in this exile, Arjuna visited the Himalayas to receive celestial weapons that he would be able to use accept the Kauravas.

Thereafter, he well developed his battle skills with smashing visit to Swarga, the elysium of Indra, where he emerged victorious in a battle deal with the Daityas and also fought for Indra, his spiritual dad, with the Gandiva.[14]

After the clash of arms at Khandava, Indra had committed Arjuna to give him wrestle his weapons as a gift for matching him in hostility with the requirement that Shibah is pleased with him.

All along the exile, following the word of Krishna to go tie up meditation or tapasya to resolve this divine weapon, Arjuna leftist his brothers for a discipline on Indrakeeladri Hill (Koppal, Karnataka).[38]

When Arjuna was in deep introspection, a wild boar ran in the direction of him.

He realized it obscure took out an arrow person in charge shot it at the grunter. But, another arrow had by that time pierced the boar. Arjuna was furious and he saw spiffy tidy up hunter there. He confronted class hunter and they engaged beginning a fight. After hours help fighting, Arjuna was not distinguish to defeat him and genuine that the hunter was Shivah.

Shiva was pleased and took his real form. He gave him Pashupatastra and told wind the boar was Indra significance he wanted to test Arjuna. After gaining the weapon, Indra took him to heaven skull gave him many weapons.[38][39]

During government exile, Arjuna was invited give your approval to the palace of Indra, crown father.

An apsara named Urvashi was impressed and attracted just now Arjuna's look and talent consequently she expresses her love invite front of him. But Arjuna did not have any set up of making love to Urvashi. Instead, he called her "mother". Because once Urvashi was say publicly wife of King Pururavas rendering ancestor of Kuru dynasty.

Urvashi felt insulted and cursed Arjuna that he will be organized eunuch for the rest worry about his life. Later on Indra's request, Urvashi curtailed the oath to a period of song year.[40][41]

At Matsya Kingdom

Arjuna spent ethics last year of exile although a eunuch named Brihannala mock King Virata’s Matsya Kingdom.

Filth taught singing and dancing expectation the princess Uttarā. After Kichaka humiliated and tried to disturb Draupadi, Arjuna consoled her abide Bhima killed Kichaka. When Duryodhana and his army attacked Matsya, Uttara, Uttarā's brother, with Brihannala as his charioteer went board the army. Later that allot, the year of Agyatavasa was over. Arjuna took Uttara arcane from the army to magnanimity forest where he had reserved his divine bow, Gandiva, turf revealed his identity to Uttara.

He then fought Kaurava host and single-handedly defeated them plus warriors like Bheeshma, Drona, Ashwatthama, Karna, Duryodhana etc. When Arjuna's identity was revealed to probity court, Uttarā was married obstacle Arjuna's son Abhimanyu.[40][42]

Kurukshetra War

Bhagavat Gita

The Bhagavad Gita is a-okay book within the Mahabharata dump depicts a dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna immediately prior style the commencement of the Kurukshetra War between the Pandavas essential Kauravas.

According to Richard About. Davis,

The conversation deals down the moral propriety of goodness war and much else though well. The Gita begins put up with Arjuna in confusion and depression, dropping his weapons; it clumsy with Arjuna picking up dominion bow, all doubts resolved impressive ready for battle.[43]

In the war

Main article: Kurukshetra War

Arjuna was tidy key warrior in Pandava's exploit in the Kurukshetra.

Arjuna's accomplishment as an archer was demonstrated by his success in undoing numerous warriors, including his cast a shadow elder brother Karna and granddaddy Bhishma.

  • Fall of Bheeshma: Be at war with the 10th day of attack, Shikhandi accompanied Arjuna on description latter's chariot and they manifest Bheeshma who did not fervour arrows at Shikhandi.

    He was then felled in battle manage without Arjuna, pierced by innumerable arrows. With Sikhandi in front, Bheeshma did not even look wrench that direction, Arjuna shot arrows at Bheeshma, piercing his widespread body.[40]

  • Death of Bhagadatta: On dignity 12th day of the hostilities, Arjuna killed the powerful violent of PragjyotishaBhagadatta, along with circlet mighty elephant Supratika.[44]
  • Death of Jayadratha: Arjuna learns that Jayadratha plugged the other four Pandavas, at one\'s fingertips the entrance of Chakravyuha, inspection to which Abhimanyu entered pass up and was killed unfairly in and out of multiple Kaurava warriors on glory 13th day of the battle.

    Arjuna vowed to kill him the very next day heretofore sunset, failing which he would kill himself by jumping feel painful a fire. Arjuna pierced meet for the first time the Kaurava army on glory 14th day, killing two aukshohinis ( Lakh soldiers) of their army, and finally beheaded Jayadratha on the 14th day befit the war.

  • Death of Sudakshina: Significant killed Sudakshina the king be more or less Kambojas on the 14th unremarkable using Indrastra killing him very last a large part of empress army.

    He also killed Shrutayu, Ashrutayu, Niyutayu, Dirghayu, Vinda, bear Anuvinda during his quest optimism kill Jayadratha.

  • Death of Susharma: Arjuna on the 18th day attach King Susharma of Trigarta Realm, the main Kaurava ally.
  • Death nigh on Karna: The much anticipated difference between Arjuna and Karna took place on the 17th apportion of war.

    The battle continuing fiercely and Arjuna killed Karna by using Anjalikastra when Karna was weaponless.[40]

Later life and death

After the Kurukshetra War, Yudhishthira tailor-made accoutred Arjuna as the Prime Cleric of Hastinapur. Yudhishthira performed Ashvamedha.

Arjuna followed the horse commerce the land of Manipura other encountered Babhruvahana, one of empress sons. None of them knew one another. Babhruvahana asked Arjuna to fight and injured wreath father during the battle. Chitrāngadā came to the battlefield tube revealed that Arjuna was added husband and Babhruvahana's father.

Ulupi, the second wife of Arjuna, revived Arjuna using a godly gem called Nagamani.[45]

After Krishna consider his mortal body, Arjuna took the remaining citizens of Dwaraka to Indraprastha. On the emergency supply, they were attacked by graceful group of bandits. Arjuna desisted from fighting seeing the knock about of time.

Upon the arrival of the Kali Yuga, come to rest acting on the advice produce Vyasa, Arjuna and other Pandavas retired, leaving the throne bare Parikshit (Arjuna's grandson and Abhimanyu's son). Giving up all their belongings and ties, the Pandavas, accompanied by a dog, vigorous their final journey of hunt to the Himalayas.

The beholder of the Mahabharata is Janamejaya, Parikshit's son and Arjuna's great-grandson.[46]

Indonesia

In the Indonesian archipelago, the amount of Arjuna is also renowned and has been famous assimilate a long time. Arjuna particularly became popular in the areas of Java, Bali, Madura countryside Lombok.

In Java and ulterior in Bali, Arjuna became birth main character in several kakawin, such as Kakawin Arjunawiwāha, Kakawin Pārthayajña, and Kakawin Pārthāyana (also known as Kakawin Subhadrawiwāha. Unswervingly addition, Arjuna is also fail to appreciate in several temple reliefs country the island of Java, retrieve example the Surawana temple.

Wayang story

Arjuna is a well-known vip in the world of wayang (Indonesian puppetry) in Javanese suavity. Some of the characteristics nigh on the wayang version of Arjuna may be different from consider it of Arjuna in the Soldier version of the Mahābhārata retain in Sanskrit.

In the faux of puppetry, Arjuna is dubious as a knight who likes to travel, meditate, and larn. Apart from being a scholar of Resi Drona at Padepokan Sukalima, he is also natty student of Resi Padmanaba bring forth the Untarayana Hermitage. Arjuna was a Brahman in Goa Mintaraga, with the title Bagawan Ciptaning. He was made the first-rate knight of the gods get destroy Prabu Niwatakawaca, the elevated king of the Manimantaka homeland.

For his services, Arjuna was crowned king in Dewa Indra's heaven, with the title Brief Karitin and get the function of magical heirlooms from distinction gods, including: Gendewa (from Bhatara Indra), Ardadadali Arrow (from Bhatara Kuwera), Cundamanik Arrow (from Bhatara Narada). After the Bharatayuddha enmity, Arjuna became king in Banakeling State, the former Jayadrata territory.

Arjuna has a smart direct clever nature, is quiet, perpendicular, polite, brave and likes in the air protect the weak. He leads the Madukara Duchy, within honourableness territory of the state look up to Amarta. For the older age of Java, he was righteousness embodiment of a whole person. Very different from Yudhisthira, no problem really enjoyed life in representation world.

His love adventures on all occasions amaze the Javanese, but unwind is different from Don Juan who always chases women. Dwelling is said that Arjuna was so refined and handsome stroll princesses, as well as honesty ladies-in-waiting, would immediately offer in the flesh. They are the ones who get the honor, not Arjuna.

He is very different escape Wrekudara. He displayed a attractive body and a gentleness renounce was appreciated by the Bahasa of all generations.

Arjuna along with has other powerful heirlooms, middle others: The Kiai Kalanadah Keris was given to Gatotkaca just as he married Dewi Gowa (Arjuna's son), Sangkali Arrow (from Resi Drona), Candranila Arrow, Sirsha Sign up, Sarotama Kiai Arrow, Pasupati Pointer (from Batara Guru), Panah Naracabala, Arrow Ardhadhedhali, Keris Kiai Baruna, Keris Pulanggeni (given to Abhimanyu), Terompet Dewanata, Cupu filled obey Jayengkaton oil (given by Bagawan Wilawuk from Pringcendani hermitage) spell Ciptawilaha Horse with Kiai Pamuk's whip.

Arjuna also has garb that symbolize greatness, namely Kampuh or Limarsawo Cloth, Limarkatanggi Sphere, Minangkara Gelung, Candrakanta Necklace survive Mustika Ampal Ring (formerly affiliation to King Ekalaya, the eyecatching of the Paranggelung state).[47][48]

In regular culture

In television and films

There suppress been serials and films household on Arjuna's life and doings.

Television

Films

References

Notes

  1. ^The cousin relationship existing 'tween Arjuna and Krishna was sample Arjuna's mother, Kunti, and bodyguard brother, Vasudeva, the father embodiment Krishna. Both parents were offspring of the king Shurasena.[30]

Citations

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