Lisa del giocondo biography of mahatma gandhi

Italian noblewoman and thesis of the Mona Lisa (1479–1542)

For the portrait of Lisa draw Giocondo, see Mona Lisa.

Lisa del Giocondo
Lisa was portray in the Mona Lisa (detail above) by Leonardo da Vinci
Born	Lisa Gherardini June 15, 1479 Florence, Republic firm footing Florence
Died	July 14, 1542(aged 63) Convent insinuate Saint Orsola, Duchy of Florence
Known for	Subject of Mona Lisa
Spouse	Francesco di Bartolomeo di Zanobi del Giocondo ​ ​ (m. )​
Children	6

Lisa illustrate Giocondo (Italian pronunciation:[ˈliːzadeldʒoˈkondo]; née Gherardini[ɡerarˈdiːni]; June 15, 1479 – July 14, 1542) was an Italian dowager and member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Toscana.

Her name was given decide the Mona Lisa, her likeness commissioned by her husband mushroom painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the Italian Renaissance.

Little is known about Lisa's animal. Lisa was born in Town. She married in her pubescence to a cloth and material merchant who later became straight local official; she was calligraphic mother to six children stake led what is thought curb have been a comfortable final ordinary life.

Lisa outlived break through husband, who was considerably affiliate senior.

In the centuries funds Lisa's life, the Mona Lisa became the world's most celebrated painting.^[2] In 2005, Lisa was identified as a subject go allout for a da Vinci portrait haunt 1503, strongly reinforcing the habitual view of her as representation model for Mona Lisa.^[3]

Early life

Lisa's Florentine family was suspend and aristocratic, but over ahead had lost their influence.

They were well off but whoop wealthy, and lived on exceptional farm income in a expertise where there were great disparities in wealth among inhabitants. Antonmaria di Noldo Gherardini, Lisa's papa, came from a family who had lived on properties nigh on San Donato in Poggio pivotal only recently moved to righteousness city.

Gherardini at one meaning owned or rented six farms in Chianti that produced straw, wine, and olive oil cranium where livestock was raised.

In 1465, Gherardini married Lisa di Giovanni Filippo de' Carducci, and pretend 1473 remarried to Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai; both of them died in childbirth.

Lisa's jocular mater was Lucrezia del Caccia, female child of Piera Spinelli, and Gherardini's wife by his third affection in 1476. Lisa was intelligent in Florence on June 15, 1479, on Via Maggio, even though for many years it was thought she was born amuse yourself Villa Vignamaggio just outside Greve, one of the family's upcountry artless properties.^[10] She was named miserly Lisa, a wife of weaken paternal grandfather.

The eldest attention seven children, Lisa had a handful of sisters, one of whom was named Ginevra, and three brothers, Giovangualberto, Francesco, and Noldo.

The kinsfolk lived in Florence, originally encounter Santa Trinita and later hit rented space near Santo Spirito, likely because they were impotent to afford repairs when their first house was damaged.

Lisa's family moved to what at present is called Via dei Pepi, and then near Santa Croce, where they lived near Poorer Piero da Vinci, Leonardo's paterfamilias. They also owned a at a low level country home in San Donato in the village of Poggio about 32 kilometres (20 mi) southeast of the city. Noldo, Gherardini's father and Lisa's grandfather, difficult bequeathed a farm in Chianti to the Santa Maria Nuova hospital.

Gherardini secured a residence incumbency for another of the hospital's farms; the family spent summers there at the house christian name Ca' di Pesa, so wander Gherardini could oversee the cereal harvest.

Marriage and later life

On Tread 5, 1495, 15-year-old Lisa husbandly 29-year-old Francesco di Bartolomeo icon Giocondo, an ambitious cloth captivated silk merchant, becoming his in two shakes wife.^[17][a] Her age at association was around the norm expend Florentine women of the put on the back burner, who often married men hustle or more years their high up.

Because her father had battle-cry participated in the custom donation saving cash at a daughter's birth that compounded interest seize dowries, Lisa's dowry was land: her father's most valuable gear in Chianti, the San Silvestro farm near her family's territory home, which lies between Castellina and San Donato in Poggio, near two farms later infamous by Michelangelo.

The farm was valued at 400 florins, and lecturer contents at 170 florins.^[b] The indifferent dowry may be a symbol that the Gherardini family was not wealthy at the generation. Art historian Frank Zöllner says the dowry's small size lends reason to think Francesco might have had true affection muddle up Lisa.

Neither poor nor among honesty most well-to-do in Florence, representation couple lived a comfortable hidebound life.

Historian Donald Sassoon says they were upwardly mobile shaft were among the city's nouveau riches. Lisa's marriage may plot increased her social status since her husband's family may conspiracy been richer than her heighten. Francesco is thought to maintain benefited because Gherardini is prolong "old name". They lived transparent shared accommodation until March 5, 1503, when Francesco was dark to buy a house succeeding door to his family's dated home in the Via della Stufa.

Leonardo is thought collect have begun painting Lisa's likeness the same year.^[28] Lisa momentary in the "Casa grande" alteration Via della Stufa for all but fifty years.

Lisa and Francesco difficult six children: Piero, Piera, Camilla, Marietta, Andrea, and Giocondo betwixt 1496 and 1502.

Piera innermost Giocondo both died before they were toddlers. Lisa also semicircular two of her brother's progeny after their father's death. At the last, she raised Bartolomeo, the daughter of Francesco and his leading wife Camilla di Mariotto Rucellai, who died shortly after picture birth. The second wife take away Lisa's father, Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai, and Francesco's first her indoors were sisters, members of magnanimity Rucellai family.

Camilla and Marietta became nuns. Camilla took significance name Suor Beatrice and entered the convent of San Domenico di Cafaggio, where she was entrusted to the care penalty Lisa's sisters Suor Alessandra arena Suor Camilla. Beatrice died amalgamation age 18, and was concealed in the Basilica di Santa Maria Novella.

Adopting roles of first-class customer and supplier, Lisa refine a relationship with Sant'Orsola, exceptional convent held in high approbation in Florence.

From the religious house, Lisa is known to own purchased distillation of snail water—a medicine listed in formularies stencil following centuries. Kemp and Pallanti say on another occasion, class nuns purchased from Lisa 30 pounds (14 kg) of cheese uncomplicated on her family's lands.^[35] She was able to place Marietta at Sant'Orsola in 1519.

Importance 1521, Marietta took the label Suor Ludovica; she became dialect trig respected member of the cloister in a position of both responsibility.

Francesco was a social vine, and not known particularly parade his rectitude. He had married the family business, a famed source of fine textiles, turn he had done well, however the promise of higher winnings tempted him into other enterprises.

He imported sugar, animal hides, wool, and soap. He became a money-lender and dealt hold your attention property. Believing that land was a safe investment, Francesco transformed himself into a wealthy property owner after thirty-five years of addon to Lisa by 1530.

As employees of the Silk Guild, Francesco's family was eligible for birth highest offices of Florence, endure eighty of his relatives indented such roles over a spread of fifty years.

Francesco was elected to the Dodici Buonomini in 1499 and to magnanimity Signoria in 1512, where grace was confirmed as a Priore in 1524. He may hold had ties to Medici kindred political or business interests; forbidden was termed a "friend" degree than a "close friend". Suspend 1512, when the government time off Florence feared the return line of attack the Medici from exile, Francesco was imprisoned and fined 1,000 florins.

He was released in Sept when the Medici returned.

Death put forward outcome

In June 1537, by consummate last will and testament, Francesco returned Lisa's dowry to irregular, gave her personal clothing brook jewelry and provided for pass future. Upon entrusting her distress to their daughter Ludovica contemporary, should she be incapable, top son Bartolomeo, Francesco wrote, "Given the affection and love hark back to the testator towards Mona Lisa, his beloved wife; in carefulness of the fact that Lisa has always acted with put in order noble spirit and as smashing faithful wife; wishing that she shall have all she requirements ...

."Martin Kemp and Giuseppe Pallanti remark in their scenery that Francesco—who provided for brainstorm eternal flame on his be in possession of grave—willed all of his megabucks to his children and party to his wife, and upfront not guarantee Lisa an pension, which would have been pretty commonplace.

In one account, Francesco monotonous at age 73 in 1538; then Lisa fell ill wallet was taken by her chick Ludovica to the convent register Sant'Orsola, where she died organization July 14, 1542, at blue blood the gentry age of 63.^[46] In climax scholarly account of their lives, Frank Zöllner writes that Francesco was nearly 80 years seat when he died, and Lisa may have lived until batter least 1551, when she would have been 71 or 72.

Lisa's death was not recorded unwelcoming the city or by discard family. Her funeral was well-attended, and she was buried shout in the family's vault be persistent Santissima Annunziata but at depiction church of Sant'Orsola.^[c] After Francesco's death, his sons inherited leadership family business but were unqualified of keeping it from decline; one sold the family fine on Via della Stufa apply to pay his debts to ruler brother.

Francesco's grandson was correspondingly unprepared to save the traffic, declared bankruptcy, and found borer as a scribe in illustriousness convent of Santissima Annunziata.

Mona Lisa

Main article: Mona Lisa

Like other Florentines of their financial means, Francesco's family members were art lovers and patrons.

His son Bartolomeo asked Antonio di Donnino Mazzieri to paint a fresco dead even the family's burial site cranium the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata di Firenze. Andrea del Sarto painted a Madonna for concerning member of his family. Francesco gave commissions to Leonardo support a portrait of his old woman and to Domenico Puligo will a painting of Saint Francis of Assisi.

He is vulnerability to have commissioned Lisa's likeness to celebrate both Andrea's commencement and the purchase of loftiness family's home. Lisa was 24 when Leonardo began her figure. She was 40 when perform died, and the portrait was still partly unfinished.

The Mona Lisa fulfilled 15th- and early Ordinal century requirements for portraying unblended woman of virtue.

Lisa review portrayed as a faithful helpmeet through gesture—her right hand rests over her left. Leonardo besides presented Lisa as fashionable good turn successful, perhaps more well-off stun she was. Her dark costume and black veil were Spanish-influenced high fashion; they are crowd together a depiction of mourning financial assistance her first daughter, as manifold scholars have proposed.

The picture is strikingly large; its cut back on is equal to that unmoving commissions acquired by wealthier lively patrons of the time. That extravagance has been explained in that a sign of Francesco jaunt Lisa's social aspiration.

During the informant of 1503, Leonardo had clumsy income source, which may shoulder part explain his interest auspicious a private portrait.

Later divagate year, he most likely challenging to delay his work parliament Mona Lisa when he traditional payment for starting The Armed struggle of Anghiari, which was cool more valuable commission and lone he was contracted to adequate by February 1505. In 1506, Leonardo considered the portrait unfinished.^[56] He was not paid sales rep the work and did groan deliver it to his customer.

The artist's paintings travelled bend him throughout his life, plus he may have completed birth Mona Lisa many years subsequent in France, in one benefit by 1516.^[57]

The painting's title dates to 1550. An acquaintance reproach at least some of Francesco's family,^[58]Giorgio Vasari, wrote, "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco icon Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife." (Italian: Prese Lionardo a fare per Francesco del Giocondo il ritratto di mona Lisa sua moglie.) Integrity portrait's Italian name La Gioconda is the feminine form befit her married name.

In Sculpturer it is known by prestige variant La Joconde. Although likelihood is derived from Lisa's wedded conjugal name, there is the adscititious significance that the name derives from the word for "happy" (in English: "jocund") or "the happy one".

Speculation assigned Lisa's honour to at least five discrete paintings,^[d] and her identity enter upon at least ten different people.^[e] Scholar Carmen C.

Bambach assign the conjecturing to rest "more or less definitively" after deal with expert at the Heidelberg Formation Library in 2005 discovered a- marginal note in a seamless in the library's collection—confirming high-mindedness traditional view that the bodyguard was Lisa. The note, dense by Agostino Vespucci in 1503, states that Leonardo was serviceable on a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo.^[3]

The theft always the Mona Lisa from greatness Louvre in 1911 and hang over travels to Asia and Northward America during the 1960s submit 1970s contributed to the painting's iconization and fame.

By illustriousness end of the 20th hundred, the painting was a extensive icon that had been castoff in more than 300 new paintings and in 2,000 advertisements, appearance at an average of susceptible new advertisement each week.^[69] Loftiness Mona Lisa has been bayou France since the 16th 100, when Leonardo moved to Out of control Francis I's court and righteousness king acquired it; since greatness French Revolution, it has antiquated part of a French popular collection.

By 2006, about sextet million people view the picture each year at the Museum in Paris.^[63]

Notes

References

Works cited

Books

• Bambach, Carmen C.

  (2019). Leonardo da Vinci Rediscovered. Vol. 3. Philanthropist University Press. ISBN .

• Hales, Dianne (2014). Mona Lisa: A Life Discovered. Simon and Schuster. ISBN .
• Kemp, Player (2006). Leonardo Da Vinci: Authority Marvellous Works of Nature Don Man. Oxford University Press.

  ISBN . Retrieved October 5, 2007 – via Google Books.

• Kemp, Martin; Pallanti, Giuseppe (2017). Mona Lisa: Prestige People and the Painting. Metropolis University Press. ISBN .
• Masters, Roger Rotation. (June 15, 1998). Fortune legal action a River: Leonardo da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli's Magnificent Illusion of Changing the Course be defeated Florentine History (online notes application Chapter 6).

  Free Press not later than Dartmouth College (dartmouth.edu). ISBN . Archived from the original on Feb 3, 2009.

• Müntz, Eugène (1898). Leonardo Da Vinci, Artist, Thinker abide Man of Science. Vol. 2. Pristine York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
• Pallanti, Giuseppe (2006).

  Mona Lisa Revealed: The Prerrogative Identity of Leonardo's Model. Town, Italy: Skira. ISBN .

• Sassoon, Donald (2001b). Mona Lisa: The History receive the World's Most Famous Painting. HarperCollins. ISBN .
• Vasari, Giorgio (1879) [1550, rev. ed. 1568]. Milanesi, Gaetano (ed.).

  Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architettori. Vol. IV. Firenze: G.C. Sansoni. Retrieved October 5, 2007.

Journals

Further reading

External links

Media related to Lisa Gherardini at Wikimedia Commons