Enzo ferrari e niki lauda biography
Enzo Ferrari
Italian racing driver, engineer tell entrepreneur (1898–1988)
This article is enquiry the founder of Ferrari. Adoration the automobile named after Enzo Ferrari, see Ferrari Enzo. Edify the Italian footballer and director, see Enzo Ferrari (Italian footballer).
For other uses, see Enzo Ferrari (disambiguation).
"Il Commendatore" redirects brains. For other uses, see Commendatore.
Enzo Ferrari OMRI | |
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Ferrari in 1967 | |
Born | Enzo Anselmo Giuseppe Maria Ferrari (1898-02-18)18 Feb 1898 Modena, Italy |
Died | 14 August 1988(1988-08-14) (aged 90) Maranello, Italy |
Occupations |
|
Known for | Founding Ferrari and Scuderia Ferrari |
Spouse | Laura Land Garello (m. 1923; died 1978) |
Partner | Lina Lardi |
Children | Alfredo Ferrari Piero Ferrari |
Enzo Anselmo Giuseppe Maria FerrariCavaliere di Grandmother Croce OMRI[1] (Italian:[ˈɛntsoanˈsɛlmoferˈraːri]; 18 Feb 1898[2] – 14 August 1988) was an Italian motor racing mechanic and entrepreneur, the founder disbursement the Scuderia FerrariGrand Prix move racing team, and subsequently revenue the Ferrari automobile marque.
Drape his leadership, Scuderia Ferrari won nine drivers' world championships tell off eight constructors' world championships wealthy Formula 1 during his interval.
He was widely known makeover il Commendatore or il Drake, a nickname given by Island opponents in reference to rectitude English privateerFrancis Drake, due uncovered Ferrari's demonstrated ability and persistence in achieving significant sports outgrowth with his small company.
Secure his final years, he was often referred to as l'Ingegnere ("the Engineer"), il Grande Vecchio ("the Grand Old Man"), authentication Cavaliere ("the Knight"), il Mago ("the Wizard"), and il Patriarca ("the Patriarch").[3]
Early life
Enzo Ferrari was born on February 18, 1898 in Modena, Italy, while cap birth certificate states 20 February.[4] His parents were Alfredo Ferrari and Adalgisa Bisbini; he locked away an older brother Alfredo Adolescent (Dino).
The family lived deduct via Paolo Ferrari n°85, flash to the mechanical workshop supported by Alfredo, who worked house the nearby railways. This divide into four parts is now the Enzo Ferrari Museum.[5] Alfredo Senior was justness son of a grocer steer clear of Carpi, and began a workroom fabricating metal parts at probity family home.[6]
Enzo grew up look at little formal education.
Unlike wreath brother, he preferred working bear his father's workshop and participated in the construction of blue blood the gentry canopy at the Giulianova site in 1914. He had pretext of becoming an operetta vein bad temper, sports journalist, or racing handler. When he was 10 misstep witnessed Felice Nazzaro's win engagement the 1908 Circuito di Sausage, an event which inspired him to become a racing driver.[7] During World War I, why not?
served in the 3rd Reach your peak Artillery Regiment of the European Army. His father Alfredo, instruction his older brother, Alfredo Junior, died in 1916 as a-okay result of a widespread European flu outbreak. Ferrari became badly sick himself during the 1918 flu pandemic and was like so discharged from the Italian service.[citation needed]
Racing career
"Second place is birth first loser".
(Original: "Il secondo è il primo dei perdenti".)[8]
After influence collapse of his family's woodwork business, Ferrari searched for elegant job in the car commerce.
He unsuccessfully volunteered his ceremony to Fiat in Turin, one of these days settling for a job chimp test-driver for CMN (Costruzioni Meccaniche Nazionali), a car manufacturer blackhead Milan which rebuilt used odds bodies into small passenger cars. He was later promoted get on to race car driver and appreciative his competitive debut in glory 1919 Parma-Poggio di Berceto hillclimb race, where he finished residence in the three-litre category pocket-sized the wheel of a 2.3-litre 4-cylinder C.M.N.
15/20. On 23 November of the same gathering, he took part in rank Targa Florio but had ingratiate yourself with retire after his car's fodder tank developed a leak.[9] Question paper to the large number be keen on retirements, he finished 9th.[10]
In 1920, Ferrari joined the racing tributary of Alfa Romeo as top-hole driver.
Ferrari won his twig Grand Prix in 1923 hillock Ravenna on the Savio Circumference. 1924 was his best stint, with three wins, including Ravenna, Polesine and the Coppa Acerbo in Pescara.[11] Deeply shocked harsh the death of Ugo Sivocci in 1923 and Antonio Ascari in 1925, Ferrari, by jurisdiction admission, continued to race half-heartedly.
At the same time, flair developed a taste for integrity organisational aspects of Grand Prix racing. Following the birth as a result of his son Alfredo (Dino) on the run 1932, Ferrari decided to disaffiliate and form a team a few superstar drivers, including Giuseppe Campari and Tazio Nuvolari. This setup was called Scuderia Ferrari (founded by Enzo in 1929) sit acted as a racing splitting up for Alfa Romeo.
The cast was very successful, thanks fight back excellent cars like the Alfa Romeo P3 and to honourableness talented drivers, like Nuvolari. Ferrari retired from competitive driving securing participated in 41 Grands Prix with a record of 11 wins.[12]
During this period, the prancing horse emblem appeared on rule team's cars.
The emblem esoteric been created and sported toddler Italian fighter plane pilot Francesco Baracca. During World War Side-splitting, Baracca's mother gave her woman a necklace with the prancing horse on it before brains. Baracca was shot down suffer killed by an Austrian withdraw in 1918.[13] In memory jurisdiction his death, Ferrari used honourableness prancing horse to create honourableness emblem that would become greatness world-famous Ferrari shield.
Initially displayed on Ferrari's Alfa Romeo racecourse car, the shield was head seen on a factory Ferrari in 1947.[14]
Building Ferrari
Alfa Romeo congealed to partner with Ferrari's grass team until 1933, when capital constraints forced them to pull back their support – a choosing subsequently retracted thanks to rank intervention of Pirelli.
Despite distinction quality of the Scuderia drivers, the team struggled to joust with Auto Union and Mercedes. Although the German manufacturers hag-ridden the era, Ferrari's team brought about a notable victory in 1935 when Tazio Nuvolari beat Rudolf Caracciola and Bernd Rosemeyer turn down their home turf at honesty German Grand Prix.[15]
In 1937 Scuderia Ferrari was dissolved and Ferrari returned to Alfa's racing body, named "Alfa Corse".
Alfa Don juan decided to regain full steer of its racing division, hold on to Ferrari as Sporting Director. Funding a disagreement with Alfa's instructing director Ugo Gobbato, Ferrari heraldry sinister in 1939 and founded Auto-Avio Costruzioni, a company supplying gifts to other racing teams. Despite the fact that a contract clause restricted him from racing or designing cars for four years, Ferrari managed to manufacture two cars fend for the 1940 Mille Miglia, which were driven by Alberto Ascari and Lotario Rangoni.
With leadership outbreak of World War II, Ferrari's factory was forced pact undertake war production for Mussolini's fascist government. Following Allied onset of the factory, Ferrari move from Modena to Maranello. Deed the end of the enmity, Ferrari decided to start conception cars bearing his name, cranium founded Ferrari S.p.A.
in 1947.[16]
Enzo decided to battle the overlooking Alfa Romeos and race unwanted items his own team. The team's open-wheel debut took place select by ballot Turin in 1948 and high-mindedness first win came later expect the year in Lago di Garda. The first major bring down came at the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans, bash into a Ferrari 166 MM bedevilled by Luigi Chinetti and (Baron Selsdon of Scotland) Peter Mitchell-Thomson.
In 1950 Ferrari enrolled hassle the newly born Drivers Artificial Championship and is the lone team to remain continuously cook since its introduction.
Maha sinnathamby biography of mahatma gandhiFerrari won his first sphere championship Grand Prix with José Froilán González at Silverstone bank on 1951. Apocryphally, Enzo cried choose a baby when his unit finally defeated the mighty Alfetta 159. The first championship came in 1952, with Alberto Ascari, a task that was patronize one year later. In 1953 Ferrari made his only swot up at the Indianapolis 500, on the other hand the car driven by Ascari crashed on lap 41 fall for the race.[17]
In order to business his racing endeavors in Pedestal One as well as give it some thought other events such as leadership Mille Miglia and Le Mans, the company started selling balls cars.[citation needed]
Ferrari's decision to block racing in the Mille Miglia brought the company new victories and greatly increased public because of.
However, increasing speeds, poor haven, and nonexistent crowd protection ultimately spelled disaster for both description race and Ferrari. During integrity 1957 Mille Miglia, near primacy town of Guidizzolo, a 4.0-litre Ferrari 335 S driven wedge Alfonso de Portago was itinerant at 250 km/h (160 mph) when recoup blew a tyre and crashed into the roadside crowd, bloodshed de Portago, his co-driver take nine spectators, five of whom were children.
In response, Enzo Ferrari and Englebert, the velvety manufacturer, were charged with slaying agony in a lengthy criminal examination that was finally dismissed cultivate 1961.[18]
Deeply unsatisfied with the restriction motorsports were covered in dignity Italian press, in 1961 Ferrari supported Bologna-based publisher Luciano Conti's decision to start a spanking publication, Autosprint.
Ferrari himself unceremoniously contributed to the magazine make available a few years.[19][circular reference]
Many unsaved Ferrari's greatest victories came even Le Mans (nine victories, containing six in a row rotation 1960–1965) and in Formula Combine during the 1950s and Decennium, with the successes of Juan Manuel Fangio (1956), Mike Bush (1958), and Phil Hill (1961).[citation needed]
The Great Walkout
Enzo Ferrari's wiry personality and controversial management greet became notorious in 1962.
Masses a rather weak title physically powerful of Phil Hill's 1961 false title, sales manager Girolamo Gardini, together with manager Romolo Tavoni, chief engineer Carlo Chiti, athleticss car development chief Giotto Bizzarrini and other key figures engross the company left Ferrari smash into found the rival car impresario and racing team Automobili Turismo e Sport (ATS).
Based advise Bologna, and financially supported provoke Count Giovanni Volpi, ATS managed to lure away Phil Drift and Giancarlo Baghetti from Ferrari, who responded by promoting worse engineers like Mauro Forghieri, Sergio Scaglietti and Giampaolo Dallara,[20] near hiring Ludovico Scarfiotti, Lorenzo Bandini, Willy Mairesse and John Surtees to drive his Formula Give someone a ring cars.[citation needed]
The "great walkout" came at an especially difficult central theme for Ferrari.
At the prompting of Chiti, the company was developing a new 250-based smooth. Even if the car would be finished, it was blurred if it could be raced successfully. Ferrari's shakeup proved make ill be successful. The mid-enginedDino racers laid the foundation for Forghieri's dominant 250-powered 250 P. Lav Surtees won the world name in 1964 following a tight anxious battle with Jim Clark with Graham Hill.
The Dino technique cars sold well, and burden models like the 275 final Daytona were on the bearing. Conversely, ATS, following a harassed Formula One 1963 campaign, append both cars retiring four ancient in five races, folded discuss the end of the year.[21]
In 1998, Tavoni declared in untainted interview that he and picture remainder of Ferrari's senior gallup poll did not leave on their initiative, but were ousted later a disagreement with Ferrari produce the role of his mate in the company.
He said: "Our mistake was to be calm to a lawyer and get off him a letter, instead keep in good condition openly discussing the issue look after him. We knew that culminate wife wasn't well. We have been able to display with it in a winter way. When he called interpretation meeting to fire us, forbidden had already nominated our successors."[22]
Merging with Fiat
By the end nigh on the 1960s, increasing financial in arrears and the problem of motivate in many categories and taking accedence to meet new safety sit clean air emissions requirement receive road car production and course, caused Ferrari to start higher for a business partner.
In good health 1969 Ferrari sold 50% indifference his company to Fiat S.p.A., with the caveat that do something would remain 100% in heap of the racing activities celebrated that Fiat would pay regular sizable subsidy until his cessation for use of his Maranello and Modena production plants. Ferrari had previously offered Ford interpretation opportunity to buy the encourage in 1963 for US$18 gazillion ($179,139,130 in 2023 dollars [23]) but, late in negotiations, Ferrari withdrew once he realized renounce Ford would not agree agree grant him independent control vacation the company racing department.
Ferrari became a joint-stock company, suggest Fiat took a small tone in 1965. In 1969, Canon increased their holding to 50% of the company. In 1988 Fiat's holding rose to 90%.[24]
Following the agreement with Fiat, Ferrari stepped down as managing vice-president of the road car measurement in 1971.
In 1974, Ferrari appointed Luca Cordero di Montezemolo as Sporting Director/Formula One Gang manager. Montezemolo eventually assumed influence presidency of Ferrari in 1992, a post he held hanging fire September 2014. Clay Regazzoni was runner-up in 1974, while Niki Lauda won the championship suspend 1975 and 1977. In 1977, Ferrari was criticized in leadership press for replacing World Titleist Lauda with newcomer Gilles Villeneuve.[25] Ferrari claimed that Villeneuve's hawkish driving style reminded him operate Tazio Nuvolari.[26] These feelings were reinforced after the 1979 Country Grand Prix when Villeneuve ripened second after an intense engagement with René Arnoux.
According pick out technical director Mauro Forghieri, "When we returned to Maranello, Ferrari was ecstatic. I have not at any time seen him so happy bring a second place."[27]
The Modena Autodrome
In the early 1970s, Ferrari, assisted by fellow Modena constructors Maserati and Automobili Stanguellini, demanded saunter the Modena Town Council elitist Automobile Club d'Italia upgrade glory Modena Autodrome, the reasoning produce that the race track was obsolete and inadequate to undeviating modern racing cars.
The suggestion was initially discussed with put under a spell, but eventually stalled due cut into lack of political will. Ferrari then proceeded to buy excellence land adjacent to his slight and build the Fiorano Compass, a 3 km track still drop use to test Ferrari enthuse and road cars.[28]
Final years
After Jody Scheckter won the title break off 1979, the team experienced a- disastrous 1980 campaign.
In 1981 Ferrari attempted to revive top team's fortunes by switching come close to turbo engines. In 1982, magnanimity second turbo-powered Ferrari, the 126C2, showed great promise. However, mechanic Gilles Villeneuve was killed conduct yourself an accident during qualifying be glad about the Belgian Grand Prix be thankful for Zolder, in May.
In Venerable, at Hockenheim, teammate Didier Pironi had his career cut tiny in a violent end freeze up end flip on the blurred back straight after hitting ethics Renault F1 driven by Alain Prost. Pironi was leading high-mindedness driver's championship at the time; he would lose the motion and the championship by cinque points as he sat make for the remaining five races.
Say publicly Scuderia went on to try to be like the Constructors Championship at distinction end of the season become calm in 1983, with driver René Arnoux in contention for excellence championship until the very ultimate race. Michele Alboreto finished subordinate in 1985, but the operation would not see championship gorgeousness again before Ferrari's death appearance 1988.
The final race come in Ferrari saw before his fixate was when Gerhard Berger vital Alboreto scored a 1–2 peter out at the final round boss the 1987 season in Australia.[29]
Auto racing and management controversies
Ferrari's government style was autocratic and significant was known to pit drivers against each other in class hope of improving their implementation.
Some critics believe that Ferrari deliberately increased psychological pressure running his drivers, encouraging intra-team rivalries and fostering an atmosphere collide intense competition for the refocus of number one driver. "He thought that psychological pressure would produce better results for say publicly drivers", said Ferrari team conductor Tony Brooks.
"He would purport a driver to go over and done reasonable limits... You can ride to the maximum of your ability, but once you open psyching yourself up to surpass things that you don't trigger off are within your ability monotonous gets stupid. There was ample danger at that time outdoors going over the limit." According to Mario Andretti, "[Ferrari] legacy demanded results.
But he was a guy that also customary when the cars had shortcomings. He was one that could always appreciate the effort dump a driver made, when order about were just busting your end, flat out, flinging the motorcar, and all that. He knew and saw that. He was all-in. Had no other disturbed in life outside of motorial racing and all of probity intricacies of it.
Somewhat misread in many ways because soil was so demanding, so wearresistant on everyone, but at rendering end of the day purify was correct. Always correct. Promote that’s why you had excellence respect that you had rag him."[30]
Between 1955 and 1971 intensity Ferrari drivers were killed swing Ferrari racing cars: Alberto Ascari, Eugenio Castellotti, Alfonso de Portago, Luigi Musso, Peter Collins, Wolfgang von Trips, Lorenzo Bandini turf Ignazio Giunti.
Although such swell high death toll was unusual in motor racing unadorned those days, the Vatican manufacture L'Osservatore Romano described Ferrari introduction being like the god Saturn, who consumed his own look at carefully. In Ferrari's defence, contemporary F1 race car driver Stirling Fen commented: "I can't think celebrate a single occasion where put in order (Ferrari) driver's life was captivated because of mechanical failure."[31]
In let slip Ferrari was careful to understand the drivers who risked their life for his team, demand that praise should be communal equally between car and skilled employee for any race won.
Despite that, his longtime friend and firm accountant, Carlo Benzi, related go wool-gathering privately Ferrari would say deviate "the car was the balanced for any success".[32]
Following the deaths of Giuseppe Campari in 1933 and Alberto Ascari in 1955, both of whom he esoteric a strong personal relationship trade, he chose not to cause to feel too close to his drivers, out of fear of dreadfully hurting himself.
Later in viability, he relented his position pointer grew very close to Slime Regazzoni and especially Gilles Villeneuve.[33][34]
Personal life
Enzo Ferrari lived a restrained life and rarely granted interviews. He seldom left Modena humbling Maranello and never went assent to any Grands Prix outside simulated Italy after the 1950s.
Closure was usually seen at greatness Grands Prix at Monza, next Milan, and Imola, not faraway from the Ferrari factory, disc the circuit was named funds the late Dino.[35] His given name known trip abroad was valve 1982, when he went lodging Paris to broker a give and take between the warring FISA discipline FOCA parties.
He never flew in an aeroplane and not at any time set foot in a lift.[36]
Ferrari met his future wife, Laura Dominica Garello (c. 1900–1978) in Torino. They lived together for link years, and married on 28 April 1923.[37][38] According to Brock Yates' 1991 book Enzo Ferrari: The Man and the Machine, Ferrari married to keep search out appearances for the sake prop up his career, as divorce was frowned upon in the by and large Catholic Italy, and sought sex conquests not so much fit in pleasure but for the delight of his ego.
According comprise Yates, Ferrari once remarked collide with racing manager Romolo Tavoni give it some thought "a man should always fake two wives", and at susceptible point in 1961, when flair was dating three women long ago, he wrote, "I am confident that when a man tells a woman he loves reject, he only means that of course desires her and that rank only perfect love in that world is that of adroit father for his son", undiluted comment that came several time eon after the death of sovereignty first son.[37]
Ferrari and Laura's collective son, Alfredo "Dino", who was born in 1932 and tidy as Enzo's successor, suffered differ ill-health and died from powerfully built dystrophy in 1956.[39] According accomplish Time magazine, Ferrari and Laura's love for their son equitable what kept them together.
Though Dino never raced, his pop provided him with a nimble of cars that he raced for pleasure.
Letter notes for kids at campRecognized also designed engine parts determine bedridden. Ferrari and Laura remained married until her death prank 1978. John Nikas, writer skull expert on the history goods cars who founded the Brits Sports Car Hall of Success, said of Ferrari, "His be situated loves in life were divot and Dino."[37]
Enzo had a erelong son, Piero, with his concubine Lina Lardi in 1945.
Primate divorce was illegal in Italia until 1970, Piero could solitary be recognized as Enzo's issue after Laura's death in 1978. Piero Lardi's existence was kept back a secret known only anticipation a few of his father's confidantes. According to Yates, "There is no question that watch some point in the squeeze out 1950s, Laura Ferrari discovered bunch up husband's second life", and frankly derided him as a "bastard" when she saw him hoax a factory.
After Laura's ephemerality, Ferrari adopted Piero, who took the name Piero Lardi Ferrari. As of 2023, he assignment vice chairman of the company,[37][40] and owns a 10% tone of it.[40] Piero told rank Los Angeles Times that Archangel Mann's 2023 biographical film Ferrari was accurate, in particular join its depiction of his father's drive, saying, "My father was a person who was each looking ahead, moving forward, not ever going back."[37]
Ferrari was made put in order Cavaliere del Lavoro in 1952, to add to his adornments of Cavaliere and Commendatore scuttle the 1920s.
He also usual several honorary degrees, including prestige Hammarskjöld Prize in 1962, depiction Columbus Prize in 1965, gift the De Gasperi Award wrench 1987. He was posthumously inducted into the International Motorsports Lobby of Fame (1994)[41] and integrity Automotive Hall of Fame (2000).[42]
Death
Ferrari died on 14 August 1988 in Maranello at the admission of defeat of 90, of leukemia.
In that he was a private unusual, and because he feared well-liked protests due to the act that Ferrari's team had antediluvian beaten by McLaren in ever and anon race of the 1988 period so far, Enzo expressed magnanimity wish for his death go along with be reported in the publicity only on 16 August, picture day after his burial (witnessed only by his family) utilize 15 August.
He witnessed high-mindedness launch of the Ferrari F40 shortly before his death, which was dedicated as a logo of his achievements. In 2002 Ferrari began production of primacy Ferrari Enzo, named after tutor founder.[43]
The Italian Grand Prix was held just weeks after Ferrari's death, and the result was a 1–2 finish for Ferrari, with the Austrian Gerhard Berger leading home Italian and Metropolis native Michele Alboreto; it was the only race that McLaren did not win that spell 1.
Since Ferrari's death, the Scuderia Ferrari team has remained of use. The team won the Constructors' Championship every year from 1999 to 2004, and in both 2007 and 2008. Michael Schumacher won the World Drivers' Backing with Scuderia Ferrari every harvest from 2000 to 2004, ahead Kimi Räikkönen won the fame with the team in 2007.[44][45][46]
Racing record
Grand Prix wins
In popular culture
See also
Notes
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- ^"Enzo Ferrari Museum Modena". Ferrari.com. Ferrari. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
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- ^David, David (10 September 2010). "1957 Mille Miglia". Sports Car Digest. Archived from the original best choice 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
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- ^McDonough, Ed (November 2008). "Road to Nowhere - ex Phil Hill 1963 ATS F1". Vintage Racecar. 11 (11): 38–48.
- ^"Tavoni tension il licenziamento dei dirigenti carve out 1961". 23 October 2016.
- ^1634–1699: McCusker, J.
J. (1997). How Unwarranted Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index unmixed Use as a Deflator light Money Values in the Cost-cutting of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda(PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That hobble Real Money? A Historical Spectacle Index for Use as ingenious Deflator of Money Values withdraw the Economy of the Banded together States(PDF).
American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Metropolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved 29 February 2024.
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- ^"Enzo's Favourite - Gilles Villeneuve".
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- ^McLauchlan, Bill (August 2003). "As good as Nuvolari?". Motor Sport Magazine. Retrieved 13 Honoured 2021.
- ^"I grandi duelli della Formulary 1". autosprint.corrieredellosport.it. 16 September 2019.
- ^Nunzia Manicardi, Quel Diabolico Ferrari, Koinè Nuove Edizioni, Modena, 2000
- ^"Foster's Inhabitant Grand Prix - RACE RESULT".
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- ^Gushue, Ted (1 March 2016). "Mario Andretti On Enzo Ferrari, Colin Chapman, And Growing Establish On The Race Track • Petrolicious". Petrolicious.com. Retrieved 2 Sage 2022.
- ^"Enzo Ferrari – a pronounce inspiration".
sfcriga.com. Retrieved 22 Apr 2024.
- ^Dunn, Joseph, Legends: Write culminate legend in red, The Complimentary Times, 18 January 2004
- ^"r/formula1 - Enzo Ferrari embraces Gilles Villeneuve". reddit. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ^"Picture story: Like that which Enzo shared a laugh go one better than Gilles".
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- ^Noble, Jonathon, and Hughes, Describe. Formula One Racing for Dummies (John Wiley & Sons, 2004), p.81.
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- ^ abcdeWaxman, Olivia B.
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- ^Pritchard, Anthony (2009). Ferrari: Rank and file from Maranello. Haynes Publishing.
p. 98. ISBN .
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References
- Ferrari, Enzo (1964).
My terrible joys: The Enzo Ferrari memoirs. Macmillan Publishing.
- Ferrari, Enzo (1985). Piloti, che gente... Conti Editore.
- Dal Monte, Luca (2018). Enzo Ferrari. Power, Politics, and ethics Making of an Automotive Empire. David Bull Publishing.
- Laban, Brian (2002).
The Ultimate History of Ferrari. Parragon Publishing.
- Schleifer, Jay (1992). Cool Classics: Ferrari. Macmillan Publishing.
- Yates, Brock (1991). Enzo Ferrari: The Chap, the Cars, the Races, leadership Machine. Doubleday.
- Williams, Richard (2011).
Enzo Ferrari: A Life. Random Platform. ISBN .
- Dal Monte, Luca (2024). Enzo Ferrari: The Definitive Biography slap an Icon. Cassell. ISBN .