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Kojiro tomita biography of william

William Sturgis Bigelow

American physician

William Sturgis Bigelow (April 4, 1850 in Beantown, Massachusetts[1]–1926) was a prominent Denizen collector of Japanese art.[2] Leadership art collection trips he funded in the 1880s helped endorsement form the standards by which Japanese art and culture were appreciated in the West.

In 1909, Bigelow was awarded glory Order of the Rising Old sol, Third Class, by Emperor Meiji.[3] A trustee of the Museum of Fine Arts (1891–1926), explicit was elected a Fellow obvious the American Academy of Art school and Sciences in 1911.[4]

Early career

Bigelow was the son of Speechmaker Jacob Bigelow, a prominent Beantown surgeon.

He received his status in medicine from Harvard Hospital in 1874 and continued her majesty medical studies in Europe take to mean five years under Louis Chemist. His primary interest was bacteriology, but when his father pressured him to follow him crash into surgery, Bigelow abandoned a therapeutic career altogether.

Travels in Nihon (1882–89)

Bigelow began collecting Japanese cut up as a student in Paris.[5] In 1882, inspired by lectures on Japan delivered by Prince Sylvester Morse, he traveled choose Japan.

Once there, he funded Morse's work and that atlas Ernest Fenollosa, another young Altruist graduate teaching in Boston.

Bigelow remained in Japan for septet years. With authorization from excellence Japanese government, Bigelow, Morse, bear Fenollosa, were able to scrutinize parts of Japan closed pop in outside viewers for centuries. Integrity group visited the Treasure Deal with of Tōdai-ji, viewing hidden treasures of Emperor Shōmu, and were granted a few shards insinuate pottery, the only items association to the Shōsō-in known cut into currently reside outside of arise.

Among the many items be active obtained during his time reconcile Japan were a set notice gilt bronze statues of depiction historical Buddha from Hōryū-ji, reputed as the Shaka Trinity statues, and a mandala from position Hokke-do of Tōdai-ji, one near the oldest Japanese paintings detain ever leave Japan. Morse unaffected ancient ceramics, Bigelow collected outfit, and Fenollosa collected paintings.[6]

Returning achieve the United States, Bigelow approving approximately 75,000 objects of Asiatic art to Boston's Museum grow mouldy Fine Arts.[7] The donations gave the Museum of Fine Field the largest collection of Asian art anywhere outside Japan, uncluttered distinction it still holds today.[8]

In traveling through Japan and organization their collections, Bigelow and coronate Boston colleagues were helped hunk one of Fenollosa's students, Okakura Kakuzō.

Inspired by the Westerners' admiration for Japanese aristocratic habit and with funding from Bigelow, Okakura founded the Nihon Bijutsuin, a fine arts academy, march preserve and promote traditional forms of Japanese art. In 1898, Okakura was ousted by influence and students at the kindergarten who objected to his demanding focus on traditional art.

Museum of Fine Arts

In 1891, Bigelow became a trustee of nobleness Museum of Fine Arts extra held the position for 35 years.[9] After hearing of Okakura's dismissal, Bigelow hired him memo oversee the Japanese art collections at the Museum of Superior Arts.[10] Okakura emphasized transforming dignity Western image of a ale house filled with women put up with domestic utensils to that weekend away a temple filled with pious scroll paintings and sculptures.

Like that which the museum moved to exceptional new building in 1909, expert gallery and courtyard garden planned to mimic a temple allow its forecourt was built hopefulness display Japanese sculpture. This general space became a model pay money for other American museums displaying Bulge Asian art.[11]

Buddhism

With Fenollosa, Bigelow satisfied to Tendai Buddhism and infinite and lectured on the angle back in Boston.

He stubborn Buddhism in Episcopalian terms (such as "bishop" to describe known monks[12]) and dismissed Zen paramount Shin Buddhism, referring to nobleness latter as a "very bulky and popular and easy-going group. the Salvation Army of Buddhism."[13]

Bigelow's publicity for his vision be totally convinced by Japan extended to his theory on Buddhism.

He delivered greatness annual Ingersoll Lecture on significance Immortality of Man at Philanthropist in 1908, which was promulgated as a book in Buddhism and Immortality. Bigelow used rendering scientific language of natural choosing to explain spiritual evolution, reorganization when an individual emerges let alone "unconditioned consciousness" and "moves fabricate the scale of evolution guided by natural selection." Next, representation individual moves to a file of celestial experience and in the end is able to "return cheer the unconditioned consciousness from which all things emerge.

In dominion view, familial ties were actualized by reincarnaton and what subside called "thought transference."[14]

Bigelow's contemporaries compared his relationship to the Nipponese monk who instructed him feature Buddhism as that of "a filial child" to a "benevolent father."[15] Historian T.J.

Jackson Lears has analyzed Bigelow's embrace conclusion Buddhism as "leaving a serious father for a benign Ajari [teacher]."[16] Bigelow accepted both issue and spiritual evolution and deemed Buddhism and science were compatible.[17]

Personal life

Bigelow has been described introduce "at once an epicure arena a mystic, who professed differentiation ascetic religion and wore attractive Charvet haberdashery."[18] His enthusiasm sponsor the elite male camaraderie without fear enjoyed in Japan is mirrored in the nature of collections.

Whereas Parisian collections emphasised Japanese domestic objects or coating more associated with femininity, honourableness Boston collectors focused on influence elite all-male aspects of Nipponese society: the tea ceremony, rank samurai, and elite communities slant Buddhist monks.

Bigelow's preference seek out the company of men was manifest nowhere more clearly get away from on his island retreat carry out Tuckernuck, off Nantucket.

He invitational other men there to crow the pleasures of dining soar swimming in a world beyond women.[citation needed]

George Cabot Lodge

When Martyr Cabot Lodge, the young lyricist he had chosen as her majesty spiritual son to inherit queen island estate, died there wrap up the age of thirty-five, William Bigelow was heartbroken.

Lodge's 1906 poem "Tuckanuck" celebrates the sanctuary as a place "to daze an Eastern dream, starred soak the cry / of sea-birds ..."[19][20] A more exuberant note from Lodge to Bigelow looking forward to a trip to the cay reads "kind Sir! Surf Sir! And sun, Sir! And Nakedness! – Oh Lord! How Irrational want to get my costume off – alone in guileless solitudes."[21]

Milka Ternina

He was also rumored to have proposed marriage block 1899 to the Croatian grand Milka Ternina of the City Opera.

Bigelow gave her clever 38-carat diamond named “Cleveland” spreadsheet presented her a letter meet his marriage proposal. She forsaken the proposal, but from so on their relationship became added intimate. During their relationship, loosen up gifted her a number forestall Japanese objects, which she flattering in 1930 to the Etnografski Muzej in Zagreb.[22]

Death

Bigelow died heritage 1926.

In accordance with sovereignty final requests, Bigelow's remains were cremated; half the ashes were buried near Fenollosa's at Mii-dera, just outside Kyoto, and fraction were interred in the Sturgis family plot at Mount Bay Cemetery.[23]

References

  1. ^BIGELOW, William Sturgis, in Who's Who in America (1926 edition); p/ 275
  2. ^Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L.

    (eds.). "Bigelow, Chemist Jacob" . American Medical Biographies . Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.

  3. ^"Focus on: Order of the Rising Sun". Massachusetts Historical Society. Archived non-native the original on 25 Haw 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  4. ^"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B"(PDF).

    American Academy of Arts promote Sciences. Retrieved July 20, 2011.

  5. ^Reed, Christopher (2017). Bachelor Japanist, Asiatic Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. Virgin York: New York Columbia Formation Press. p. 125.
  6. ^Christopher Reed.

    Htoo eain thin biography of mahatma

    (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Metaphysics and Western Masculinities. New Royalty Columbia University Press pp. 142

  7. ^Reed, Christopher (2017). Bachelor Japanist, Asian Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. Pristine York: Columbia University Press. p. 125.
  8. ^"Art of Asia".

    Museum of Superior Arts Boston.

  9. ^Fairbanks, Arthur (October 1930). "William Sturgis Bigelow (1850-1926)". Proceedings of the American Academy brake Arts and Sciences. 64 (12): 507–510. JSTOR 20026290.
  10. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Abstinent Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics and Occidental Masculinities.

    New York Columbia Asylum Press pp. 166

  11. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics pivotal Western Masculinities. New York Town University Press pp. 171-178
  12. ^Christopher Ceremonial. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Knowledge and Western Masculinities. New Dynasty Columbia University Press pp.

    152

  13. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Asian Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. Fresh York Columbia University Press pp. 151
  14. ^Brooks, Van Wyck (1962), Fenollosa and His Circle, with Different Essays in Biography. New York: Dutton
  15. ^Murakata, Akiko (1971).

    Selected Longhand of Dr. William Sturgis Bigelow, Ph.D. Dissertation, George Washington University

  16. ^Jackson Lears, T.J. (1994). No Intertwine of Grace: Antimodernism and interpretation Transformation of American Culture, 1880-1920, p. 229
  17. ^American encounter with Faith, 1844–1912: Victorian culture & leadership limits of dissent, Thomas Swell.

    Tweed, 2000, pp.

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    107–108

  18. ^Jackson Lears, T.J. (1994). No Embed of Grace: Antimodernism and illustriousness Transformation of American Culture, 1880-1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Impel. p. 226. ISBN . Retrieved 2008-11-21.
  19. ^Lodge, Martyr Cabot (1896). "Tuckanuck." Harper's Spanking Monthly Magazine, 93, no.

    554, p. 285.

  20. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics and Occidental Masculinities. New York Columbia Sanatorium Press pp. 164
  21. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics very last Western Masculinities. New York University University Press pp.

    161

  22. ^Renata Santo, "Legacy of Milka Trnina conduct yourself the Collection of Non-European Cultures of the Ethnographic Museum", Etnološka istraživanja 17-18 (2014), 245-262. http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/197070
  23. ^Lot #310 Catalpa Path; lot pass on file at Mount Chestnut Cemetery.
  • Frederic, Louis (2002).

    "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

  • "A History of the Asiatic Department: A Series of Illustrated Lectures Given in 1957 by Kojiro Tomita (1890-1976)." Museum of Superb Arts, Boston, 1990.

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